I. Ivan Bosykh

In the courtyard of the house where I live, comes Ivan Petrov, nicknamed "Barefoot." He stands at the logs, but does not chop them for firewood. I know that he came only to ask for money for sober. Those like him are called the "village proletariat." An absurd discrepancy in peasant rights is enough for a person to lure his own home into a drinking one. These discrepancies create a man without a future; they strive to make a slave out of a man who cannot exist without consciousness that he is the master. Until recently, Ivan had a strong household and lived in harmony with his wife, but today he drinks everything in a tavern, beats his wife, and his children are like street children.

II. The story of Ivan Bosykh

Ivan's drunkenness grew into a disease, popularly referred to as "weakened." He explained his weakness by "will." Previously, Ivan worked at the station, he was paid well, and he "spoiled". He didn’t drink with his father, and when the family appeared, but then, as the master became himself, he could not resist. Why does a good life turn a person into a pig? Ivan spoke about Mr. Podsolnukhov. He wanted to take up the dairy business and brought a cow from abroad. She ate a lot and gave little milk, because she was not thinking about milk, but about her own pleasure. And our cows think only of work. So peasant people were born for labor. There are those who capitalize as a Jew, Schnap, and Ivan would immediately spend. And only after peasant labor did he again begin to resemble a man.

III. Disorder

Workers are paid much better than peasants or even teachers, which is why drunkenness begins. I told Ivan about the Penza landowner, who facilitated the work of the peasants by arranging shift work in its fields. I also mentioned horse thief Ruchkin, who was without his right hand, but did not want to fight, and therefore he was atrocious. And working on such a system, he could honestly receive money, for example, by transporting something on someone else's horse. Ivan did not agree, citing the fact that the owner would not trust anyone in his cattle.

IV. Power of the earth

The power of the earth keeps the peasant on his feet. He is inconceivable without it. This is stated in the epic about Svyatogor, who could not lift a bag with earthly traction, while the peasant Mikula Selyaninovich did it easily. A person depends on a thin blade of grass that will become bread tomorrow. If you give peasants money and tear them off the ground, they will become miserable and useless. The earth does not wait, the earth demands, and work is the life of a peasant. The old peasant on the verge of death always remembers the land on which he worked.

V. Popular intelligentsia

The Russian people survived under the yoke of Tatarism and serfdom, since it was not torn off the ground. Wealth and poverty also depend on it - the earth has mutilated or not. And only the evil envious person does not understand this. The people also have an intelligentsia that has always existed, but is now invisible. She constantly reminded the people that although he is close to nature, he should not live according to forest laws. The folk legend of Nicholas and Kasyan perfectly describes this type of folk intelligent person. Returning to God from the people, Kasyan came in as a dandy, and Nikolai was covered in mud, therefore, he worked with the people, therefore the people celebrate Kasyan’s day once a year and Nikolai many times.

VI. Agricultural calendar

In the peasant calendar, everything is connected with work, harvest. There, signs and even saints and wonderworkers are transferred to a peasant position, becoming patrons of any kind of activity. The peasant carefully studies all the vagaries of nature and adapts to them. Every day of the year the peasants have countless signs, and although in these signs there is no sense for the educated reader, they characterize the agricultural idea of ​​the people enough.

VII. Now and before

Not being a malicious serf, I still think that under serfdom the relations of the peasant with the land were more correct. A smart owner will treat his people correctly, as they bring him income. Now men are fighting a lot with rods. Until it becomes possible to look at a person humanly, this will continue. At the same time, those who themselves were in the peasants and broke out into the elders were cruel in this "tearing". I never understood the meaning of corporal punishment. However, since the bosses only want to cash in, their wards do the same.

Viii. Greed

There was a landowner Syutaev, who understood the incorrectness of such methods. But this is an isolated case. The peasants understand that a great fortune can cause the envy of a neighbor, because they hardly pay taxes, the elder is responsible for this. At the same time, the elders explain the cruelty towards the peasants by the fact that they do not want to pay taxes, although they have the means. And after a while they complain that the peasants are completely poor. Such "converts" take large percentages for the goods, but I do not admit anything wrong with that. Everyone worries about himself, buying oats from a neighbor and selling it in the spring for a double price. There were even cases when bread was taken out of the barns, that is, peasants stole from the peasants.

IX. The past of Ivan Bosykh

If there are "stockbrokers" making profit on the neighbors, then there are those on whom they profit. Such is Ivan Bosykh. When he was kicked out of the station, his household also fell into disrepair. Previously, it was everyone's envy. They called the family barefoot, because there were all the heroes who did not need boots and frost. In the time of Ivan came changes to which he did not adapt. In the old days, know yourself work, and now there are many difficulties with financial transactions. The anthrax tumbled down all cattle, and you can no longer turn to a gentleman for a horse. I had to rent a horse, buy hay - in the end, poverty and arrears. So I started to drink. And now Ivan feels that there will be trouble, because he has a brownie under the porch howling.

X. Land Disorders

All disasters can be explained by violation of the land order. The situation is aggravated by conscription. Previously, it affected large families, but now small ones can lose their breadwinner. Previously, those who sought to live at the expense of the other, although they did it in the soldiers, but at least did not move under the arms of the working people. Taxes used to be more correct - everyone paid based on their condition. I do not support serfdom at all, but simply speak of a system more correct for peasants. One hundred years ago, Tikhon Zadonsky publicly said that dealers who profit from someone in a difficult situation are thieves. Today this cannot be said openly.

Xi. School and rigor

The village teacher is not respected. Guys believe that he does not have rigor, and he does not teach anything. Often they even refuse to pay school fees. But this is not from ignorance, but from high demands on learning. The people have a hidden power that helps them survive any difficulties. It comes from the instructions of nature itself. There is no fiction in this, because nature cannot be fooled. The Christian idea allows people not to live like animals, to distinguish good from evil. To make it clearer what we consider to be evil and what is good, we give the following two examples. Somehow, Pope Leo XIII, having invested money in a bank, made good money. And one poor peasant woman, having lost her husband, killed her five children and tried to drown, because she was exhausted. Papa was not convicted, but the woman was considered a criminal.

XII. Conclusion

Projects are ahead of time. We need to think not about the problem of drunkenness, but about the land issue, which is the root cause. All aspects of the life of the peasant depend on the land. The peasant environment and the non-peasant environment differ. For example, a mouse stallion and a daughter-in-law both molest young girls. But the first is a depraved and fed up representative of the privileged class, and the second worked from an early age and by the age of fifty had accumulated a fortune and can afford to relax, while not being physically and physically old. Peasants often have a wedding by “leaving”, when the groom simply takes the bride away, so no expenses are needed. And families are created with rational goals - it’s easier to farm. The peasantry follows religious requirements, although the clergy themselves are not so righteous.

(From notebook)

When I speak with Gavrila Volkov, I always think what will happen when all his anger comes out. He was born during serfdom, and when it was canceled, the despot father tried to save up money, taking everything he earned from his sons, but it still did not work out as well as his neighbor Cheremukhin. Cheremukhin was a typical cashing in on a neighbor. After the death of his father, Gabriel began to live alone. He tried to get rich by fraud, selling rotten hay, tried to substitute the master, but nothing came of it. Now Gavrila has a family, but he only thinks about hoarding, saving everything and building plans for scams. Once he decided to work as a cab driver in Petersburg. He worked at night, and somehow a tipsy lady forgot his clutch with a wallet. Gavrila hid the find under the floorboard. The policeman began to suspect him, but received a bribe and never came back.

All these horrors I said only to say that you need to give the peasant land so that everything falls into place. As Leo Tolstoy wrote about Plato Karataev in War and Peace, he lived only feeling himself part of something larger. It comes from the bowels of nature itself. There is also a predator man. And where is the third type? The one who knows the truth of life is the popular intelligentsia. It is a pity, but now he is not, and life is on the side of the predator.